国际旅游组织介入背景下山岳型景区治理演化路径研究

景区治理是旅游研究的重要内容。伴随着全球一体化发展,国际旅游组织在景区治理中的地位和作用逐渐凸显。以路径创造理论为基础,综合运用文献分析、参与式观察和深度访谈等质性研究方法,以黄山风景区为例,构建了旅游发展的路径创造分析框架,探讨在国际旅游组织介入背景下,山岳型景区治理模式的演化过程及其影响。研究发现:（1）国际旅游组织介入改变了景区治理主体和治理结构,为黄山风景区治理创造了新的路径,也是推动其治理模式演化的重要力量。（2）从申报主体、作用路径、涉及范围、影响内容与介入成效等5个维度具体分析,黄山风景区加入国际旅游组织后经历了三次路径创造,并产生了明显的不同效应。（3）国际旅游组织介入对黄山风景区内部治理、毗邻社区参与治理经验输出三个方面均产生了显著的影响。     

炼化过程工艺报警管理研究

为了从根本上减少炼化过程工艺参数的滋扰报警数量,提出一种工艺报警管理方法,包含管理和技术两个层面。在管理层面,明确报警管理职责与分工,报警参数、报警优先级及报警值的设置原则,以及在报警处置、报警考核等方面的要求;在技术层面,以报警的评估与优化技术为手段,从工艺和仪表方面减少报警数量,提升报警性能。现场应用效果表明,提出的报警管理方法可大幅减少炼化过程的无效报警数量,从而降低装置运行风险。     

太原市汾河景区浮游藻类细胞密度对氮磷的影响

为了研究太原汾河景区的水质状况并为其水质保护和水华暴发预警及防治提供依据,2012年6月至10月,对该区域8个采样点的浮游藻类细胞密度、氨氮、总氮和总磷及它们之间的关系进行了调查分析。结果表明,多数样点总氮超标,总磷相对稳定,均不超标,氮磷比变化较明显,多数采样点以7月份的细胞密度较高,下游端较上游端浮游藻类生长旺盛,污染情况也较为严重。多数采样点浮游藻类细胞密度与总氮和氮磷比呈负相关,与总磷呈正相关。     

石化行业竣工环保验收中废气监测研究

在石化行业建设项目竣工环境保护验收中,废气监测是一项重要的监测内容。验收监测时要按照相应标准和大气导则设置相关监测点位。根据石化行业废气排放的主要来源和特点,给出有组织排放废气和无组织排放废气监测布点方法。但在实际布点中由于存在一些客观的原因,使得废气监测布点不能按照相应的标准和导则规范或是其他的技术文件进行。针对布点过程中存在的相关问题,提出废气验收监测时应注意的问题并给出相关建议。     

Shifting frames: mobilizing policy attention for landscape values in a Dutch urban–rural fringe

Despite framing being a powerful mechanism in policy agenda setting, the planning and policy science literature does not yet devote much attention to the analysis of interactional framing processes in policy change processes. We analyse the framing processes that preceded tipping points in the mobilization of policy attention in a Dutch peri-urban region that over time managed to position the development of landscape values on the agendas of local and regional governments, despite various institutional barriers and blockages. After identifying tipping points in the agenda-setting process, and shifts in frames and coalitions, the paper discusses why these shifts occurred. Two framing mechanisms are identified: (1) framing issues, relationships, and interaction processes in conjunction with one another and (2) resemiotizing original frames to establish a fit to the self-referential frames of targeted supporters within and outside government. The conclusion is that a research focus on human interactions at the grassroots level and on the processes of meaning construction over time reveals detailed insights about why and how structural change and transitions come about. The paper concludes with some lessons for policy-makers and planners with regard to developing a more adaptive attitude to emerging initiatives in civil society.     

Reply: Investor demand and spot commodity prices

In a recent article (Tilton, Humphreys, and Radetzki, 2011), Tilton et al. argue that even when investor stocks are declining an increase in investor demand can cause a commodity's price to rise. They contend that this conclusion, which is based on two hypothetical examples, is both contrary to conventional wisdom and counter-intuitive. In my comment on the article (Olle Östensson, 2011), I challenged this finding. In a reply to my article, Tilton et al. maintain that their original finding is valid: investor demand can be driving commodity prices higher even when stocks are falling. In my present reply, I contend that their argument with respect to the first example confuses the actions of a minority of investors with those of all investors and is well accommodated within the framework of traditional theory. I further argue that their second example rests on an assumption regarding investor behavior that is unproven and that in any case falls outside the framework of analysis of futures markets.     

Investor demand and spot commodity prices: Reply

In a recent article (Tilton et al., 2011), we argue that even when investor stocks are declining an increase in investor demand can cause a commodity's price to rise, a conclusion that is both contrary to conventional wisdom and counter-intuitive. In his comment on our article, Olle Östensson (2011) challenges this finding. After assessing his concerns in this reply, we maintain that our original finding is valid: investor demand can be driving commodity prices higher even when investor stocks are falling.     

噪声监测过程中的点位布设问题

通过石家庄市环境监测中心近年来的一些噪声监测实例来深入探讨噪声监测过程中的点位布设问题,并指出相应的注意点和改进方法。     

Effects of Errors and Gaps in Spatial Data Sets on Assessment of Conservation Progress

Data on the location and extent of protected areas, ecosystems, and species’ distributions are essential for determining gaps in biodiversity protection and identifying future conservation priorities. However, these data sets always come with errors in the maps and associated metadata. Errors are often overlooked in conservation studies, despite their potential negative effects on the reported extent of protection of species and ecosystems. We used 3 case studies to illustrate the implications of 3 sources of errors in reporting progress toward conservation objectives: protected areas with unknown boundaries that are replaced by buffered centroids, propagation of multiple errors in spatial data, and incomplete protected‐area data sets. As of 2010, the frequency of protected areas with unknown boundaries in the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) caused the estimated extent of protection of 37.1% of the terrestrial Neotropical mammals to be overestimated by an average 402.8% and of 62.6% of species to be underestimated by an average 10.9%. Estimated level of protection of the world's coral reefs was 25% higher when using recent finer‐resolution data on coral reefs as opposed to globally available coarse‐resolution data. Accounting for additional data sets not yet incorporated into WDPA contributed up to 6.7% of additional protection to marine ecosystems in the Philippines. We suggest ways for data providers to reduce the errors in spatial and ancillary data and ways for data users to mitigate the effects of these errors on biodiversity assessments. Efectos de Errores y Vacíos en Conjuntos de Datos Espaciales sobre la Evaluación del Progreso de la Conservación     

媒体报道、政府监管与企业环境信息披露

在中国经济和媒体环境发生巨大变革的情况下,外部压力对上市公司环境信息披露的影响研究面临新的社会背景。基于传播学议程设置理论、关注理论与信号传递理论,本文以2016年沪深A股八大重污染行业的315家上市公司为研究对象,研究了媒体报道与政府监管对上市公司环境信息披露水平的影响。其中,媒体类型既考虑了传统纸媒,也考虑了以新浪微博为代表的网络新媒体,政府监管方面采用2014年调整后的PITI指数对监管力度进行评价。研究发现,媒体报道数量越大,上市公司环境信息披露的内容越丰富,但并不能提高其信息披露质量;上市公司环境信息披露质量主要受媒体报道倾向性的影响,而媒体报道的数量对其影响较弱;地方政府对企业环境信息公开的监管力度对企业环境信息披露的影响并不显著。此外,随着地方政府监管力度的加大,媒体对企业的关注度下降,导致政府监管在媒体监督企业环境信息过程中具有一定的削弱作用。研究表明,随着近年来生态环境保护法制化进程的大力推进,环境制度约束相对舆论监督,在企业信息披露过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。